Smog Mitigation and Climate Resilience in Pakistan: A Policy-Centric Review of Strategies and Challenges

Abstract

Smog is a severe environmental and public health problem in major cities in Pakistan, particularly Lahore and Faisalabad. This review looks into the structure and content of smog policies and frameworks on climate resilience, drawing out the enhanced and the insignificant. Sources of significant smog are industrial emissions, traffic problems, and crop burning, all heightened by climate change. However, programs like the Pakistan Clean Air Program have been launched to control these emissions, yet they still need the enforcement mechanism and public awareness. Finally, regarding future work, the review advises that increased integration across disciplines, mainly through collaboration with international organizations such as the World Economic Forum, could enhance policy coordination. They get specific by stating that public engagement and community involvement are crucial, calling for better organizational practices. Recommendations for policy improvement include practical actions against smog and improving Pakistan’s protection against climate change.